Contenu du Howto

Ce Howto concerne plus particulièrement la version 3.1 de Squeak, qui est actuellement la version standard de Squeak sur la plupart des machines

Il est officiellement destiné à un Squeak Linux mais la seule différence notable entre la version linux et la version windows est une autre configuration des boutons de la souris pour laquelle il faut généralement inverser le bouton milieu avec le bouton droit.

Il se divise en trois grande partie majeure : installation, prise en main rapide et Squeak plus en profondeur. C'est trois parties sont les plus essentielles pour une maîtrise basique mais correcte du logiciel assez rapidement.

Ce Howto est une version évolutive, et sera certainement amenée à être modifiée dans le but de le rendre plus complet et mis à jour en fonction des nouvelles versions de Squeak

Historique des versions

Ici se trouve les versions préexistantes de la version que vous lisez actuellement avec toutes les évolutions entre deux versions .

• 28/03/2002 : version 1.1

  Correction de titre, de numérotation, insertion installation windows

• 15/03/2002 : Version 1.0

  Première version officielle

GNU VERSION

Ce Howto est soumis au copyright GNU, ce qui signifie que les auteurs laisse libre utilisation de ce document et autorise donc l'accès aux sources ainsi qu'une modification de ce document avec pour seule restriction d'avertir ces mêmes auteurs lors d'une utilisation officielle dans sa totalité ou lors d'une modification interne ; le cas précédent amenant la personne ayant modifié ce document à figurer parmi les collaborateurs à l'évolution de ce Howto .

Voici la version intégrale du copyright GNU

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.1, March 2000

Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

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Sous Windows

Site officiel de téléchargement de la version 3.1 de Squeak : ftp://st.cs.uiuc.edu/Smalltalk/Squeak/3.1beta/

Pour le téléchargement de Squeak version 3.1 de Windows, il faut prendre Squeak3.1beta-4478.zip, puis aller dans le dossier win32 et télécharger Squeak3.1-win-vm.zip.

Pour l'installation, il faut dézipper à l'aide d'un logiciel de compression/décompression les deux fichier zip obtenu dans un seul et même dossier.

Sous Linux

Site officiel de téléchargement de Squeak: http:/www.squeak.org/download/index.html

Lien sur l'une des pages de téléchargement de Squeak: ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/Projects/SOR/users/piumarta/squeak

Comme vous pouvez le constater sur le site de téléchargement de Squeak, il existe aussi des fichiers sous formats .tar.gz, .tgz, .tar.Z ou encore .tar.bz2. Pour plus d'information sur ces fichiers compressés , vous pouvez consulter le site:http://www.linux-france.org/article/debutant/commentfaire/commentfaire-9

Lien pour les différents packages :http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeromepat/pages/linux/installation.htm

Lancement de Squeak

information sur l'interface graphique:

L'explication détaillée de l'environnement graphique du logiciel de programmation est une épreuve essentielle a la bonne utilisation du logiciel, même si elle ne parle pas du code de programmation , une bonne maîtrise de l'environnement permet une utilisation rapide et efficace.

Cette explication de l'interface se feras à plusieurs niveau du plus général au plus détaillé.

L'interface graphique de squeak sera découpée pour ce howto en trois parties présentées sous dessous (en réalité elle en comporte plus mais certaines d'entre elles ne seront pas expliquées vu qu'elles ne sont pas indispensables a la prise en main rapide de squeak.), ainsi qu'en trois menus (parmi les nombreux menus présents dans squeak).

Les boutons de la souris

Cette partie va être relativement courte, vu qu'elle n'est pas bien compliquée.

Il faut avant tout savoir que par défaut squeak et les utilisateurs de squeak donnent une couleur pour chaque bouton de la souris (mais ce n'est franchement pas nécessaire d'utiliser ces couleurs dans le langage courant.)

Les couleurs:

• Le bouton gauche de la souris est attribué à la couleur rouge.

• Le bouton milieu de la souris est attribué à la couleur bleue.

• Le bouton droit de la souris est attribué à la couleur jaune.

Les boutons ont une fonctionnalité différente en fonction du monde (ou de l'endroit ) où l'on place sa souris.

Dans le monde:

• Le bouton gauche : ouvre le menu world.

• Le bouton du milieu : ouvre le menu personal. (n'est pas très utile pour nous.)

• Le bouton droit : ouvre un hallo morphique. (Le hallo morphic sera explicité plus tard, juste après cette partie.)

Dans le browser et autres fenêtres du genre (workspace, transcript etc..)

• Le bouton gauche : permet de sélectionner l'élément pointé.

• Le bouton du milieu : ouvre un hallo morphique.

• Le bouton droit : ouvre un menu qui est différent en fonction de la fenêtre utilisée, c'est pourquoi chaque menu sera détaillé dans la partie sur la fenêtre correspondante.

Le hallo morphique :

Lorsque l'on fait un clique droit sur n'importe qu'elle partie du monde ou de l'interface de squeak, un hallo morphique apparaît tout autour de l'élément pointé.

Ce hallo est en quelque sorte une table de commande, a travers laquelle on peut effectuer des actions directement liées a l'objet pointé par le hallo.

Voici un exemple de hallo morphique (le hallo sera toujours le même quel que soit l'objet pointé.):

1. Ce bouton permet de fermer l'objet sélectionné par le hallo

2. Ce bouton affiche un menu comprenant de nombreuses actions possibles sur l'objet dont celles proposée par le hallo

3. Ce bouton permet de prendre l'objet et de le déplacer n'importe où sur le monde mais aussi de l'insérer dans un autre objet présent sur le monde.

4. Ce bouton permet de déplacer l'objet n'importe où dans le monde mais ne permet pas de l'insérer dans un objet.

5. Ce bouton duplique l'objet.

6. Ce bouton ouvre un menu dont voici un screenshot(les boutons inspect ouvre un inspecteur)

   

7. Ce bouton ouvre une pallette de couleur permettant de changer la couleur de l'objet

   

8. Ce bouton permet de redimensionner l'objet

9. Ce bouton permet d'effectuer une rotation de l'objet autour d'un axe visible sur le monde.

10. Ce bouton affiche une petite fenêtre contenant le titre officiel de l'objet

11. Ce bouton affiche un panneau de contrôle de l'objet

12. Ce bouton permet de réduire l'objet; il se situera en haut à gauche du monde sous la forme d'une barre

Le Workspace

Le workspace est le lieu où l'on va pouvoir lancer ou créer des programmes sous squeak. Ce workspace sera détaillé lors d'un exemple classique (le hello world) permettant ainsi de comprendre l'intérêt du workspace mais aussi d'avoir une première approche de la syntaxe de squeak.

Définitions

Objet: Structure qui encapsule des données et des opérations possibles sur ces données.

Classe: Catégorie d'objets ayant des comportements similaires.

Instance : Une instance de classe est un objet.

Variable d'instance : Variable encapsulée a l'intérieur d'un objet.

Variable de classe : Variable commune a toutes les instances de classe.

Fonction générique : Fonction qui accepte différents type de classes comme arguments.

Méthode : Façon dont une classe particulière interprète une fonction générique.

Héritage: Possibilité de créer de nouvelles classes qui sont des variantes de classes existantes. C'est à dire que la classe créée peut utiliser les méthodes de la classe existante.

Le Browser

Inspector

L'inspecteur est utilisé dans le workspace, pour voir le contenu des variables. C'est un outil très utilisé dans le développement sous Squeak dans le but de vérifier si le contenu des variables correspond avec ce que l'on attend. L'inspecteur est composé de 3 parties distinctes

• La fenêtre 1 affiche toutes les variables qui composent l'objet inspecté

• La fenêtre 2 affiche le contenu de la variable sélectionné

• La fenêtre 3 est un mini workspace permettant d'interagir avec les variables de l'objet sélectionné.

Méthode finder

Cette fenêtre permet de rechercher une méthode. La recherche renvoie toutes les méthodes possédant le mot à l'intérieur de la méthode.

La fenêtre 1 est une fenêtre de saisie soit de la méthode que l'on cherche ou on rentre les paramètres et ce que l'on veut que cela renvoie et il cherche les méthodes correspondantes.

La fenêtre 2 affiche le résultat de la recherche qui contient le nom de la méthode saisie dans la zone de recherche.

La fenêtre 3 affiche les classes dans lesquelles se situent la méthode sélectionnée.

La fenêtre 4 affiche une aide en anglais sur l'utilisation de method finder. Elle explique en particulier la manière de rechercher une méthode en écrivant ce qu'on veut qu'elle fasse avec des paramètres donnés.